Socio–demographic development of the cities of Central Kazakhstan in 1999-2021

Research article

Abstract

This article examines and analyzes certain aspects of the socio–demographic development of cities in Central Kazakhstan over the period 1999-2021. The purpose of the article was to analyze the dynamics of the urban population of Central Kazakhstan and individual qualitative parameters of the population. The main emphasis is placed on the factors of natural movement that are important components of socio–demographic characteristics, such as fertility, mortality, as well as marriage and divorce. The national structure of the region's citizens is analyzed and the reasons for its change are determined. There are also fluctuations in the gender and age composition caused by general socio-economic changes in the country and the region. The study was carried out on the basis of a collaboration of methods for using current statistical data and the results of the national population censuses of 1999, 2009, and 2021, which together gave real figures. Socio–demographic processes in the cities of Central Kazakhstan in the modern period have not become the subject of special study in Russian science. Some aspects of population studies are devoted to the general problems of the Republic, its regions, small towns, as well as socio–economic prospects for the country's development. Taking into account the importance and urbanization of Central Kazakhstan in the context of the economic growth of the republic and its industrial base, the study of socio–demographic aspects will make it possible to predict the further development of cities and prepare appropriate strategies to ensure sustainable and balanced growth of the region. The scientific conclusions in the article show that the socio–demographic development of the urban population of Central Kazakhstan in 1999-2021 It demonstrates the complex influence of both internal and external factors on the structure and dynamics of the republic's population. The scientific novelty of the relevant topic lies in the fact that the trend of the risk of social problems and lagging infrastructure development due to uncontrolled urbanization is justified. Negative trends in urban demographic development also include a decrease in marriage rates and an increase in divorce rates. It is worrisome that in 2019, the Karaganda region had a breeding rate above the national average. The COVID–19 pandemic has had a definite impact on demographic processes in the region, which may worsen in the future.