Sakenov, S. and Yarygin , S. 2025. Bronze Age Mining Communities in the Semey and Pavlodar Irtysh region: Research Article. Gumilyov Journal of History . 152, 3S1 (Oct. 2025), 162–175. DOI:https://doi.org/10.32523/3080-129X-2025-152-3S1-162-175.